PMOS
Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) — previously called Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) — is a common hormonal and metabolic condition that affects about 1 in 8 women of reproductive age. The name was recently changed in June 2026 to better describe what the condition actually involves: problems with multiple hormones (ie polyendocrine), metabolism, and ovarian function.
Quick Facts
How common is it? About 10–13% of women of reproductive age are affected — that's roughly 1 in 8.
What causes it? The exact cause is not fully understood. It results from a combination of genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. It tends to run in families.
Is it lifelong? Yes, PMOS is a chronic condition, but symptoms can change over time and can be effectively managed.
Key Features and Symptoms
PMOS can look different from person to person, and not everyone with PMOS will have all of the symptoms.
Common experiences include:
Irregular or missed periods — cycles may be longer than 35 days, unpredictable, or absent
Excess hair growth (hirsutism) — on the face, chest, or back, due to higher androgen ("male hormone") levels
Acne and oily skin
Thinning hair on the scalp
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight, especially around the midsection
Difficulty getting pregnant — due to irregular or absent ovulation
Mood changes — including increased risk of anxiety and depression
Skin darkening — in body folds (neck, groin, under breasts)
How Is PMOS Diagnosed?
A diagnosis is typically made when at least two of the following three criteria are present (after ruling out other conditions):
Irregular or absent periods (ovulatory dysfunction)
Signs of excess androgens — either on blood tests or visible symptoms like excess hair growth or acne
Polycystic-appearing ovaries on ultrasound, or elevated anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) blood test
Living Well With PMOS
PMOS is manageable, and you are not alone! Many women lead full, healthy lives with proper care. It is important to remember this is no single “cure,” but PMOS can be well managed. Treatment is tailored to each person's symptoms and goals. Working with your healthcare team, you can create a lifelong health plan. We invite you to ask questions and be an active partner in your care. If you are planning a pregnancy, talk to your team early about optimizing your health beforehand.
Written by: Dr. Maya Tome
